Wood pores and wood grain refer to different aspects of wood’s structure and appearance.
Wood pores (also known as vessels) are remnants of a tree’s vascular system—the small channels that transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. They are most noticeable on the end of boards as small, round, or elongated openings. Pores can be readily visible on hardwoods. Softwoods do not have pores. The size, distribution, and arrangement of pores affect the texture and workability of wood. Woods with larger pores (open-pored woods) may require filling if a smooth finish is desired.
Wood grain (also called wood figure or grain pattern) refers to the pattern and direction of the fibers in wood and is a significant factor in the aesthetic appeal of wood. It’s what gives wood its distinctive character. Wood grain is influenced by the growth rings, the arrangement of the wood cells, and how the wood is cut. The grain pattern in wood can be straight, wavy, or interlocked, and can vary widely, even within the same wood species. Grain direction also influences the strength and stability of the wood, with some grains being more prone to splitting or warping. Different ways of sawing lumber—such as quarter-sawn, rift-sawn, and plain-sawn—can reveal different grain patterns.
